操作系统原理（Operating Systems）

Go to Course: https://www.coursera.org/learn/os-pku

Introduction

# Course Review: 操作系统原理（Operating Systems） In today's technologically driven world, understanding operating systems (OS) is essential for anyone pursuing a career in computer science or software development. The course "操作系统原理" (Operating Systems) on Coursera is specifically designed for third-year undergraduate students in computer science and technology, and it equips learners with a solid foundation in both theoretical concepts and practical implementations of operating systems. ## Course Overview The course focuses on nurturing a systems perspective among students, emphasizing the internal structure, working principles, and the implementation of key technologies within operating systems. By the end of the course, students will have a comprehensive knowledge of operating systems, which serves as the bedrock of computer science expertise and the skill set required for software and system development. ### Key Learning Objectives: 1. **Basic Concepts and Structure**: Students will grasp the fundamental concepts, functional components, system architecture, and operational environment of operating systems. 2. **Understanding Principles and Design**: The course familiarizes students with the working principles, design methodologies, and implementation techniques of operating systems, providing insights into representative systems such as UNIX, Linux, and Windows. 3. **Evolution and Trends**: Learners will explore the evolution of operating systems, current research trends, new technologies, and innovative ideas, establishing a strong foundation for advanced studies and career development in the field. ## Detailed Syllabus Breakdown The syllabus covers a comprehensive range of topics essential for understanding operating systems: - **Overview of Operating Systems**: This introduction outlines the roles and definitions of operating systems, their classification, and notable technologies that have shaped their evolution. - **Operational Environment**: You'll learn about critical concepts such as privileged and non-privileged instructions, CPU states, and the mechanisms behind system calls and interrupts. - **Process and Thread Models**: This section delves into the fundamentals of processes, states, control blocks, and threading, including practical applications like web server implementations. - **Processor Scheduling**: Students explore scheduling types, algorithms, and their evolution in major operating systems like Linux and Windows. - **Synchronization Mechanisms**: The course covers the essential principles of process and thread concurrency, process mutual exclusion, and the use of semaphores to solve common problems. - **Memory Models**: You'll examine physical and virtual memory management techniques, including address translation and page replacement algorithms. - **File Systems**: The structure and functionality of file systems are detailed, with an emphasis on specific systems such as the UNIX file system and FAT file systems. - **I/O Systems**: Learn the goals and tasks of device management, I/O classifications, and the intricacies of I/O performance issues. - **Deadlock**: The course concludes with an exploration of deadlock concepts, prevention, avoidance strategies, and classic scenarios like the Dining Philosophers Problem. ## Recommendation **Why You Should Take This Course** If you are a computer science student or an aspiring software developer, "操作系统原理" is highly recommended. The structured curriculum provides not only theoretical knowledge but also practical skills that are crucial in real-world applications. The course's comprehensive approach ensures that you will not only learn the functionalities of operating systems but also understand their integral role in the performance and security of computer systems. **Who Should Enroll?** - Third-year undergraduate students in computer science or related fields. - Individuals seeking to deepen their understanding of operating systems as a precursor to more advanced topics in computer science. - Professionals looking to refresh or expand their knowledge on operating systems and their practical implementations. In conclusion, "操作系统原理" offers an in-depth, well-structured exploration of operating systems that is both informative and practical, making it an invaluable resource for anyone serious about a career in technology. Don't miss the opportunity to enhance your understanding and skills in this foundational area of computer science!

Syllabus

操作系统概述

主要内容：举例介绍操作系统所做的工作；操作系统的定义与特征；操作系统分类；操作系统发展中的典型技术；典型操作系统的结构。

主要内容：特权指令/非特权指令、CPU状态；中断系统的作用；中断硬件工作原理；中断处理程序流程；中断处理程序举例；中断系统举例；系统调用基本概念；系统调用实现机制；系统调用实现实例。

主要内容：进程基本概念；进程状态及状态转换；进程控制块的作用和内容；进程控制操作；进程地址空间与进程映像；为什么引入线程？线程的应用场景；Web服务器的实现；线程概念、线程与进程的区别；线程实现的三种方式；Pthreads线程库及应用；几个重要的概念：原语、可再入程序。

主要内容：调度层次与调度类型；调度时机与进程切换；调度算法设计原则；调度算法设计时考虑的各种因素；基本调度算法；多级队列反馈调度算法；调度算法应用；Linux调度算法的演化； Windows调度算法简介。

主要内容：进程/线程的并发执行；竞争条件的引入；进程互斥与进程同步的概念；进程互斥的软件解法；Peterson算法；进程互斥的硬件解法；睡眠与唤醒机制；信号量及PV操作；用信号量解决互斥问题举例；用信号量解决生产者消费者问题；用信号量解决读者写者问题。

主要内容：信号量的问题及管程的引入；管程的基本概念；Hoare管程；管程应用举例；Mesa管程；JAVA管程解决生产者消费者问题。

主要内容：基本概念介绍；物理内存管理方案之可变分区管理方案；物理内存管理方案之页式管理方案。

主要内容：虚拟存储管理基本思想；页表设计；地址转换过程；TLB引入；缺页异常处理；页面置换算法及应用；工作集模型；清除策略与页缓冲技术。

主要内容：文件系统的功能；文件分类；文件的逻辑结构和物理结构；文件控制块的内容和作用；文件目录与目录文件；文件系统的布局；文件的基本操作；文件系统的内存结构；磁盘空间管理；UNIX文件系统。

主要内容：FAT16/32文件系统；文件共享与保护机制；文件系统一致性；文件系统性能。

主要内容：设备管理的目标和任务；I/O设备分类；I/O设备组成；I/O端口地址；I/O控制方式；I/O软件层次；设备分配算法；设备驱动程序；缓冲技术；I/O性能问题。

主要内容：死锁的基本概念；产生死锁的原因；死锁举例；用资源分配图讨论死锁问题；死锁预防方法；死锁避免方法；银行家算法；银行家算法的应用；死锁检测方法；死锁解除方法；哲学家就餐问题。