utility- sewage network designInput layout -level plan -outfall - ميزانية استعمال الاراضى Output general layout plan +profile + details + BOQ+ CALCULATION SHEET DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF SEWERS 3.1 GENERALThe major roles of a sewer system can be listed as follows:- Improvement in the environment by removing the sewage as it originates- Preventing inundation of low lying areas that may be otherwise caused by not providing sewers- Prevention of vector propagation by sewage stagnations- Avoiding cross connections with freshwater sources by seepageIn addition, there is a strong emphasis on:a) Avoiding sewer impacts on groundwater quality by infiltration of soil water into sewers andexfiltration of sewage into soil water, occurring rather as a cycle depending on the flow conditionsin leaky sewers, andb) Moving away from the mind-set that a sewer system shall necessarily be an underground sewerright in the middle of the road with costly construction, upkeep and remediation and making theobjective realizable if necessary in an incremental sewerage commensurate with optimizing thearea coverage in the available financial and human resources to create and sustain the system.This chapter presents the following:Part - 1 Estimation of Design Flows Part - 2 Types and Hydraulics of Sewers Part - 3 Design of Sewer NetworksPart - 4 Types and Construction of ManholesPart - 5 Laying, Jointing and Construction of Sewers DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF SEWERS 3.1 GENERALThe major roles of a sewer system can be listed as follows:- Improvement in the environment by removing the sewage as it originates- Preventing inundation of low lying areas that may be otherwise caused by not providing sewers- Prevention of vector propagation by sewage stagnations- Avoiding cross connections with freshwater sources by seepageIn addition, there is a strong emphasis on:a) Avoiding sewer impacts on groundwater quality by infiltration of soil water into sewers andexfiltration of sewage into soil water, occurring rather as a cycle depending on the flow conditionsin leaky sewers, andb) Moving away from the mind-set that a sewer system shall necessarily be an underground sewerright in the middle of the road with costly construction, upkeep and remediation and making theobjective realizable if necessary in an incremental sewerage commensurate with optimizing thearea coverage in the available financial and human resources to create and sustain the system.This chapter presents the following:Part - 1 Estimation of Design Flows Part - 2 Types and Hydraulics of Sewers Part - 3 Design of Sewer NetworksPart - 4 Types and Construction of ManholesPart - 5 Laying, Jointing and Construction of Sewers utility- sewage network designInput layout -level plan -outfall - ميزانية استعمال الاراضى Output general layout plan +profile + details + BOQ+ CALCULATION SHEET DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF SEWERS 3.1 GENERALThe major roles of a sewer system can be listed as follows:- Improvement in the environment by removing the sewage as it originates- Preventing inundation of low lying areas that may be otherwise caused by not providing sewers- Prevention of vector propagation by sewage stagnations- Avoiding cross connections with freshwater sources by seepageIn addition, there is a strong emphasis on:a) Avoiding sewer impacts on groundwater quality by infiltration of soil water into sewers andexfiltration of sewage into soil water, occurring rather as a cycle depending on the flow conditionsin leaky sewers, andb) Moving away from the mind-set that a sewer system shall necessarily be an underground sewerright in the middle of the road with costly construction, upkeep and remediation and making theobjective realizable if necessary in an incremental sewerage commensurate with optimizing thearea coverage in the available financial and human resources to create and sustain the system.This chapter presents the following:Part - 1 Estimation of Design Flows Part - 2 Types and Hydraulics of Sewers Part - 3 Design of Sewer NetworksPart - 4 Types and Construction of ManholesPart - 5 Laying, Jointing and Construction of Sewers DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF SEWERS 3.1 GENERALThe major roles of a sewer system can be listed as follows:- Improvement in the environment by removing the sewage as it originates- Preventing inundation of low lying areas that may be otherwise caused by not providing sewers- Prevention of vector propagation by sewage stagnations- Avoiding cross connections with freshwater sources by seepageIn addition, there is a strong emphasis on:a) Avoiding sewer impacts on groundwater quality by infiltration of soil water into sewers andexfiltration of sewage into soil water, occurring rather as a cycle depending on the flow conditionsin leaky sewers, andb) Moving away from the mind-set that a sewer system shall necessarily be an underground sewerright in the middle of the road with costly construction, upkeep and remediation and making theobjective realizable if necessary in an incremental sewerage commensurate with optimizing thearea coverage in the available financial and human resources to create and sustain the system.This chapter presents the following:Part - 1 Estimation of Design Flows Part - 2 Types and Hydraulics of Sewers Part - 3 Design of Sewer NetworksPart - 4 Types and Construction of ManholesPart - 5 Laying, Jointing and Construction of Sewers