Overview

Welcome to the course "PDH, SDH & OTN (Multiplexing) for Telecom Transmission". Telecom Transmission is the backbone of modern global telecommunications. Multiplexing is used to send multiple signals over a common high capacity transmission media, such as copper, microwave link or optical fiber. Whether you're an engineer, network professional, or a student eager to master telecom transmission technologies, this comprehensive course is designed to take you from foundational concepts to advanced optical networking.You'll begin with the basic principles of multiplexing and the evolution of telecom exchanges, moving through fiber optics fundamentals, then mastering Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH). Finally, you'll explore the world of Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) and Optical Transport Networks (OTN), understanding how high-speed networks are built and maintained today.Course Outline:Section 1: IntroductionWhat is Multiplexing in Telecom Transmission Networks?Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) and its Standard HierarchyDigital Exchanges: Analogue to Digital ConversionE-1 and T1 standard for TIme Division Multiplexing in Digital exchangesPlesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH)Section 2: The Physical Transmission MediumWhat is Telecom Transmission Medium?Microwave Communication OverviewWhat is Optical Fiber Communication?Total Internal Reflection as basic Principle of Optical CommunicationTypes Of Optical FiberMultimode Step Index Fiber and Modal DispersionMultimode Graded Index FiberSingle Mode Optical FiberAttenuation And The Wavelength Windows Used For Optical CommunicationSection 3:Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)Disadvantages of PDHIntroduction to Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)SDH Bit RatesSDH Accommodates the Existing PDH Signals as its InputBasic SDH Operations & Overall Multiplexing Structure For PDH to SDH ConversionSynchronous Transport Module (STM)-1 Frame FormatE4 to STM-1 Conversion in SDHE3 to STM-1 Conversion in SDHE1 to STM-1 ConversionNetwork Elements of SDH: RegeneratorMultiplexers: Terminal & Add-Drop MultiplexersDigital Cross-Connect (DXC)SDH Network Topology Types: Point to Point Network TopologyPoint-to-Multipoint Network TopologyMesh Network TopologyRing Network TopologySDH Overheads ClassificationUnderstanding main sections of SDH PathRegenerator Section Overhead (RSOH) InformationAU Pointer (Administrative Unit Pointer) InformationMultiplex Section Overhead (MSOH) InformationAutomatic Protection Switching: Linear Protection MechanismUnidirectional Ring Protection-Line SwitchingUnidirectional Ring Protection-Path SwitchingBidirectional Ring Protection-Line SwitchingSection 4:Using SDH Technology with Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) ConceptAdvantages of WDM TechnologyCWDM Vs DWDM SystemsOptical Supervisory channel (OSC)Optical Add Drop Multiplexer (OADM)Section 5:Optical Transport Network (OTN)Why Transition from SDH to OTN?What is an Optical Transport Network (OTN)?Migration to Packet Transport NetworkingWhy not IP directly over WDM?OTN Network Interface & 3R Regeneration FunctionClient Signal Mapping into Optical ChannelOptical Channel (OCh) StructureOTN Layered ArchitectureInitial OTN Data RatesOTN Multiplexing StructureWhat is Optical Transport Module (OTM)Optical Transport Modules TypesOTM-n.m(Full Function OTM) SignalOTM-nr.m (Reduced Function OTM) SignalOTM-0-m (Single Wavelength OTM) signalODU0-Efficient Transport of 1GbEODUflex-Flexible Optical Channel Data UnitCommonly Used ODU ContainersOPU Overhead Bytes ExplainedODU Overhead Bytes-Path Monitoring (PM)ODU Overhead Bytes-Tandem Connection Monitoring (TCM)Other ODU Overhead BytesOTU overhead Bytes

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