Overview

Musculoskeletal ultrasound is an important diagnostic tool used by a range of health professionals in different clinical settings. It is becoming an accepted first-line imaging modality to compliment clinical diagnosis and therapy at point of care and is well established in primary and secondary care with a broad spectrum of use. This includes first-line investigation of choice for many musculoskeletal conditions; a focused diagnostic and monitoring tool in rheumatology; and an aid to diagnosis, biopsy, and intervention in soft tissue masses and sarcoma assessment. In comparison to other imaging modalities, ultrasound is operator-dependent and consequently, in the hands of the poorly trained or overconfident practitioner, it has the potential for harm as well as good. This course is intended as a guide to those practitioners wanting to learn or develop their current practice of musculoskeletal ultrasound but does not claim to be a fully comprehensive resource. It is written by experts in the field from different professional backgrounds including sonographers, physiotherapists, radiologists, andrheumatologists drawing on their experience from many years of practice with practical tips and examples of normal ultrasound appearances and common pathologies. There are many pitfalls in musculoskeletal ultrasound, which can lead to misdiagnosis or overdiagnosis and may result in poor patient management. These will be discussed in the relevant chapters as they can be due to poor use of the equipment, incorrect technique, or lack of understanding of the range of normal and agerelated ultrasound appearances. The book also aims to provide increased awareness to less-experienced practitioners of clinical presentation and management of musculoskeletal conditions. Introduction to ultrasound1.Ultrasound theory2.Doppler3.Types of Transducers4.Imaging planes.5.Screen orientation6.Ergonomics7.Manipulating transducer8.Short and long axis9.Image terminology.10.Appearances of tissueShoulder joint ultrasoundProtocol of scanBony Impingement syndromeSupraspinatus tendon tear - tendinopathySubacromial Subdeltoid BursitisBiceps Dislocation - Rupture - TendinopathyAcromioclavicular joint - Athropathy , Subluxation/DislocationElbow Joint ultrasoundProtocol of scanCommon Extensor Origin EpicondylalgiaRadial Nerve CompressionCommon flexor origin enthesopathyUlnar collateral ligamentNeural compressionBiceps tendinopathyCubital bursitisOlecranon bursitisTriceps tendinopathy and rupturewrist Joint ultrasoundProtocol of scanTenosynovitisGanglion cystExtrinsic Ligament InjuryEffusionErosionsHand and fingers ultrasoundprotocol of scanTenosynovitisTendon RuptureGanglion cystHip Joint And groin1.Protocol of scanJoint EffusionSynovitisInguinal LymphadenopathyHamstring tears and tendinopathyIschiogluteal bursitisKnee JointProtocol of scanAnterior knee pathologyMedial knee pathologyLateral knee pathologyPosterior knee pathologyAnkle Joint and FootProtocol of scanPosterior ankle pathologyAnterior Ankle pathologyLateral Ankle pathologyMedial Ankle pathologyForefoot pathology

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