Overview

This course is part of the 'Polish Almost Without Secrets' series. The entire series is dedicated to the practical aspects of using various types of verbs, other parts of speech, and grammatical tenses in the Polish language.This particular course covers Polish personal and inflected pronouns, possessive adjectives and pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, as well as reflexive and emphatic pronouns.Inflection of Personal Pronoun by Cases in PolishIn the Polish language, cases from the accusative to the vocative are formed in the same way as for nouns, i.e., through the full declension of the main pronoun without an additional preposition. In English, cases from the accusative to the locative are created using an inflected pronoun with an appropriate preposition.Mianownik kto?, co? (Nominative who?, what?): ja (I), ty (you), on (he), ona (she), ono (it), my (we), wy (you), oni (they),Dopełniacz kogo?, czego? (Genitive whose?, or of whom?, of what?): mnie (of me), ciebie (of you), jego (of him), jej (of her), jego (of it), nas (of us), was (of you), ich (of them),Celownik komu?, czemu? (Dative to whom? froe whom?): mi (to me) / dla mnie (for me), tobie (to you) /dla ciebie (for you), jemu (to him) /dla niego (for him), jej (to her) / dla niej (for her), jemu (to it) / dla niego (for it), nam (to us) / dla nas (for us), wam (to you) / dla was (for you), im (to them) / dla nich (for them),Biernik kogo?, co? (Accusative whom?, what?): mnie (me), ciebie (you), jego (him), jej (her), jego (it), nas (us), was (you), ich (them)Narzędnik z kim?, z czym? (Instrumental with whom?, by whom?): ze mną / mną (with/by me) , z tobą / tobą (with/by you), z nim / nim (with/by him), z nią / nią (with/by her), z nim / nim (with/by it), z nami /nami (with/by us), z wami / wami (with/by you), z nimi / nimi (with/by them),Miejscownik o kim?, o czym? (Locative about whom?, about what?): o mnie (about me), o tobie (about you), o nim (about him), o niej (about her), o nim (about it), o nas (about us), o was (about you), o nich (about them),Wołacz O! (Vocative O!): ja! (i!), ty! (you!), on! (he!), ona! (she!), ono! (it!), my! (we!), wy! (you!), oni! (they!)(Note: English does not have a distinct vocative case like Polish.)Possessive adjectiveIn the Polish language, the possessive adjective for all persons forms the plural and declines through cases, while in English, its number and case are determined by the noun it precedes, for example:To jest mój samochód. - This is my car.To są moje samochody. - These are my cars.Mam problem z moim samochodem. - I have a problem with my car.Wczoraj miałem problemy z moimi samochodami. - Yesterday, I had some problems with my cars.In the Polish language, for all persons in both singular and plural, there is a universal word 'się / sobie,' while in English, it is replaced by a reflexive pronoun appropriate to the person and number, for example:Mam problem ze swoim samochodem. - I have a problem with my car.On opowiedział mi o swoich samochodach. - He told me about his cars.myself - ja się, ja sobieyourself - ty się, ty sobiehimself - on się, on sobieherself - ona się, ona sobieitself - ono się, ono sobieourselves - my się, my sobieourselfves - wy się, wy sobiethemselves - oni się, oni sobieSkaleczyłem się. - I cut myself.Ogoliłem się. - I have shaved. - I usually do it, I have shaved myself. - I usually don't do it Oni żałują siebie. - They are sorry for themselves.On lubi mówić o sobie. - He likes talking about himself.Nouns and adjectives in English are the subject of separate courses.Section 7 contains the key to all the Control Tests of this course, so you can track your progress in learning.Speech Parts in Polish - Section Index:1. Personal Pronoun - differences between Polish and English 2.Inflected Pronoun - the differences between Polish and English 3.Possessive Adjective - the differences between Polish and English 4.Possessive Pronoun - the differences between Polish and English5. Demonstrative Pronoun - the differences between Polish and English 6. Reflexive Pronoun / Emphatic Pronoun - the differences between Polish and English7. Key to the Test Control

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