Overview

In this student will able to learn definition of bacteria, morphological classification of bacteria, applications of Bacteria. as we all know Bacteria are unicellular , free living , microscopic microorganisms capable of performing essential functions of life. They contain both DNA and RNA. They range from 0.2 to 2.0 um in diameter and 2-8 um in length. They are present in air, water ,soil. Food and all natural environment. An electron microscope is used for clear visualisation of internal structures of the bacteria.Morphological classification of bacteria- Cocci: These types of bacteria are unicellular, spherical or elliptical shape. Bacilli: - These are rod shaped or cylindrical bacteria which either remain singly or in pairs. Example: -Bacillus cereus.Vibro: - The vibro are the curved, comma shaped bacteria and represented by a single genus. Example: - Vibro cholerae. Spirilla: - These type of bacteria are spiral or spring like with multiple curvature and terminal flagella. Example: -Spirillum volutans. Spirochetes: slender,flexious,spiral forms (Treponema). Actinomycetes: branching filamentous bacteria. The shape is due to rigid cell wall.Mycoplasmas: They are cell wall deficient bacteria and hence do not possess stable morphology. They occur in round or oval bodies with interlacing filaments.On the basis of arrangement of bacterial cell:Monococcus:- they are also called micrococcus and represented by single, discrete round Example: Micrococcus flavus.Diplococcus:- the cell of the Diplococcus divides ones in a particular plane and after division, the cells remain attached to each other. Example: Diplococcus pneumonia.Streptococcus: - here the cells divide repeatedly in one plane to form chain of cells. Example: - Streptococcus pyogenes.Tetracoccus: - this consists of four round cells, which defied in two planes at a right angles to one another. Example: - Gaffkya tetragena.Sarcina: -in this case the cells divide in three planes but they form a cube like configuration consisting of eight or sixteen cells but they have a regular shape. Example: -Sarcina lutea.Applications of Bacteria- Production of enzymes, vaccines, sterilized product, Diagnosis of disease and treatment, Treatment of industrial waste material, Sterilization, Evaluation of disinfectant, Microbiological assays of antibiotics.

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