哲学导论（中文版）

Go to Course: https://www.coursera.org/learn/zhexue-daolun

Introduction

### Course Review: 哲学导论（中文版） **Course Title:** 哲学导论（中文版) **Platform:** Coursera **Offered By:** The University of Edinburgh #### Overview "哲学导论（中文版）" is an engaging and profound online course provided by the University of Edinburgh. It serves as an essential gateway for learners interested in exploring contemporary philosophy through various critical lenses. The course introduces a plethora of philosophical questions and theories articulated by distinguished philosophers in each distinct module. Ultimately, it seeks to enrich students' understanding of a variety of philosophical domains, such as epistemology, philosophy of science, philosophy of mind, moral philosophy, and metaphysics. Through thought-provoking questions and discussions, the course not only illuminates the purpose and methods of philosophy but also positions them against the backdrop of other academic disciplines, making it a well-rounded introduction for enthusiasts and professionals alike. #### Course Structure The course is divided into several modules, each focusing on specific philosophical inquiries. Here’s a glimpse into what students can expect: 1. **What is Philosophy? - Dave Ward** The introductory module lays the groundwork, defining philosophy and distinguishing it from other fields. It addresses the unique goals and methodologies of philosophical inquiry. 2. **What is Knowledge? Do We Have Knowledge? - Duncan Pritchard** This segment tackles epistemology and the nature of knowledge. It encourages students to ponder radical skepticism and the challenges of asserting knowledge in the face of conflicting evidence. 3. **Mind, Brain, and Computer - Suilin Lavelle** The course delves into the concept of consciousness and the implications of differing views on what it means to have a mind—are thoughts mere processes or something more profound? 4. **Morality: Objective, Emotional, or Relative? - Matthew Chrisman** This module investigates the status of moral judgments, exploring whether they reflect objective truths or are merely expressions of personal and cultural preferences. 5. **Should You Believe What You Hear? - Allan Hazlett** The significance of testimony in shaping our understanding of the world is scrutinized, referencing the philosophical debates between David Hume and Thomas Reid. 6. **Are Scientific Theories True? - Michela Massimi** Participants engage with critical discussions about the nature of scientific theories and the debate between scientific realism and anti-realism. 7. **Time Travel and Philosophy - Alasdair Richmond** The final module challenges students to think metaphysically about the plausibility of time travel, inspiring them to consider the conditions under which it could theoretically occur. #### Recommendations This course is ideal for anyone interested in delving into the captivating world of philosophy, regardless of prior knowledge. The diverse topics covered provide a comprehensive overview while inspiring deeper personal exploration of philosophical questions. The lectures, delivered in Chinese, make the material accessible to a broader audience, facilitating understanding in one's native language. Moreover, the course is supported by the recommended reading, "Philosophy for Everyone," published by Routledge, which serves as a valuable supplement. This resource further encourages students to engage with the material, enhancing their learning experience. #### Conclusion In summary, "哲学导论（中文版）" is highly recommended for those wishing to enrich their intellectual horizons and engage critically with fundamental philosophical issues. Whether you are a philosophy novice or someone looking to expand your knowledge, this course will undoubtedly stimulate your thought processes and inspire you to question the world around you in new and enlightening ways. Don't miss the opportunity to embark on this philosophical journey through one of the leading educational platforms available today!

Syllabus

什么是哲学？ - Dave Ward

首先，在课程的开头，我们来思考一下，哲学的本质是什么：哲学与其他学科的不同之处有哪些？ 哲学有哪些独特的目标和方法？ 我们还将思考，人们通常为何会认为哲学家试图回答的问题既基础又至关重要，并简要了解哲学的实际应用方式。 最后，我们将针对“任何给定情况下是否真地存在对事物的正确思维方式”这一问题，简要了解两个颇具影响力的哲学家对此问题的解答。

我们知道许多事情，或至少，我们认为是这样。 知识论是哲学的一个分支，主要研究知识；知识的本质以及我们获取知识的方式。 在本模块中，我们要讲解此哲学分支中出现的一些问题。 我们将具体思考激进怀疑论对知识论命题意味着什么。 如果无法排除与事件有明显冲突的可能性，我们又如何能知道事情就是这样？

如果你正在阅读此内容，则你已有思想。 但是，什么是思想？拥有思想的意义是什么？ 我们应该将思想理解为一些以某种特定方式行事的意愿，还是大脑中类似电脑硬件上运行的程序的物质？ 在本模块中，我们将依次了解近代哲学是如何选择接受各个观点的，以及他们接受这些观点的原因，我们还将考虑这些观点面临的问题和前景。

生活中，我们都具有某种区分善恶的能力，也能判断自己的哪些行事方式较好，哪些较为不妥。 但是，这些道德信念、道德感或道德观有着怎样的地位呢？ 我们是应当将其视为反映周围世界上客观存在的事实、科学家可以探索和研究的对象？ 还是应将道德判断视为仅用于表达个人或文化偏好的措辞？ 在本模块中，我们将审视思考这些疑问时可以采取的不同视角，以及这些视角各自面临的问题和前景。

我们对周围世界的理解大多基于他人的观点。 难道这意味着我们相信他人的证词是有依据的吗？ 在本模块中，我们将探讨两位伟大的苏格兰启蒙哲学家对这个问题的解答，他们分别是大卫·休谟 (1711 - 1776) 和托马斯·里德 (1710 - 1796)。 休谟和里德在证词方面存在的争议代表了两种世界观之间的冲突，而这种冲突将会延续数百年：一种是怀疑且通常是世俗的世界观，总是对一切持怀疑态度（以休谟为代表），一种是保守且通常是宗教的世界观，以捍卫常识为己任（以里德为代表）。

在本模块中，我们将探索现代科学哲学中一项正在进行的中心辩论：科学理论是否真实。 或者，更确切地说，科学理论是否需要是真实的才是好的。 这个问题的答案主要有两种。 科学实在论者认为，理论要想站得住脚，就应当是真实的。 我们将分析他们关于此主张的主要论证（该论证名为“无奇迹论证”）以及反驳该论点的杰出观点。 而科学反实在论则坚决主张，“真理”毫无特殊之处，他们认为不依靠真理也可以解释科学理论和科学进展。 本节课旨在介绍这两种观点及其主要论证和前景。

在最后一个模块中，我们将思考形而上学中的某些问题，该哲学分支研究的是现实有哪些超感因素。 我们的学习示例是时间旅行的可能性（或不可能性）。 有人认为，动动脑子就可以知道我们显然不可能制造出一种机器，用于将人送到过去的时间。 但从逻辑上讲，时间旅行真的不可能吗？ 如果要这一点成为可能，宇宙需要满足什么条件？ 我们能知道宇宙是否满足这种条件吗？