Quantitative Methods

Go to Course: https://www.coursera.org/learn/quantitative-methods

Introduction

### Course Review: Quantitative Methods on Coursera **Course Overview:** The "Quantitative Methods" course on Coursera is designed to provide learners with a robust foundation in the scientific methods applicable in the behavioral and social sciences. This course stands out for its strong emphasis on distinguishing solid research practices from dubious scientific claims, thereby reinforcing the importance of research integrity. Covering critical topics such as research designs, measurement, sampling, and ethics, this course mirrors an introductory university-level curriculum but with a unique focus on ethical research practices that are crucial in today’s data-driven world. **Syllabus Highlights:** The course is well-structured, broken down into several modules that guide learners through the essential components of quantitative research methods: 1. **Before We Get Started:** This introductory module sets the stage for the course, offering insights into the course organization and encouraging interaction among participants in the “meet and greet” forum. It emphasizes the scientific method's historical and philosophical foundations, preparing students for the deeper discussions ahead. 2. **Origins of the Scientific Method:** This module explores the development of the scientific method and fundamental principles, stimulating critical thinking about knowledge acquisition and the quest for accurate explanations of phenomena. 3. **The Scientific Method:** Moving from theory to practice, this section delves into the empirical cycle and causality, identifying key criteria like validity and reliability—crucial for evaluating the quality of research studies. 4. **Research Designs:** Here, learners examine frequently used research designs, such as experimental and quasi-experimental setups, understanding how to address threats to internal validity through appropriate design choices. 5. **Measurement:** This module emphasizes the significance of sound measurement in research. It discusses various self-report measures, surveys, and their critical evaluation, ensuring learners grasp how poor measurement can compromise research integrity. 6. **Sampling:** Before data collection, researchers must effectively select and recruit participants. This module provides insights into sampling techniques, highlighting their importance in ensuring the representative nature of the research. 7. **Practice, Ethics & Integrity:** In the final content module, the focus shifts to ethical considerations in research, data interpretation, and result dissemination. This is a vital topic, ensuring that learners appreciate the moral responsibilities that come with conducting research. 8. **Catch Up:** This module offers no new material but encourages review and preparation for the final assessment, allowing students a moment to consolidate their knowledge. 9. **Exam Time!** The course concludes with a final exam, allowing learners to demonstrate their understanding of the course material. To assist with preparation, practice exams are provided, aligning closely with the final assessment format. ### Course Evaluation: If you are considering enrolling in the "Quantitative Methods" course, you can expect a blending of theory and practice that caters to a wide array of learning preferences. The instructor’s approach is engaging, and the interactive components foster a community of learners, which can enhance your study experience. The course is well-paced, allowing ample time to absorb complex concepts and apply them in practical scenarios. **Recommendation:** This course comes highly recommended for anyone looking to deepen their understanding of scientific research methods in the social sciences. It is particularly beneficial for students, researchers, or professionals in behavioral sciences who wish to reinforce their knowledge of research ethics and integrity. Whether you’re new to quantitative research or looking to refresh your skills, "Quantitative Methods" provides essential tools and insights necessary for conducting high-quality research. Enroll today and take a step towards solidifying your knowledge in a field that profoundly influences our understanding of society!

Syllabus

Before we get started...

In this first module we'll consider the basic principles of the scientific method, its history and its philosophies. But before we start talking methods, I'll give you a broad sense of what the course is about and how it's organized. Are you new to Coursera or still deciding whether this is the course for you? Then make sure to check out the 'Introduction' and 'What to expect' section below, so you'll have the essential information you need to decide and to do well in this course! If you have any questions about the course format, deadlines or grading, you'll probably find the answers here. Are you a Coursera veteran and anxious to get started? Then you might want to skip ahead to the first course topic: the Origins of the Scientific Method. You can always check the general information later. Veterans and newbies alike: Don't forget to introduce yourself in the 'meet and greet' forum!

Science is all about gaining knowledge, coming up with the best possible explanations of the world around us. So how do we decide which explanation is the best one? How do we make sure our explanations are accurate? How do we determine we actually know something? In science we try to resolve these questions by using a set of principles and procedures called the scientific method. You need to know its historical and philosophical 'origin story' to really understand the scientific method and to fully appreciate how hard it is to apply the scientific method in the social and behavioral sciences!

In the first module we discussed how the scientific method developed, general philosophical approaches and the types of knowledge science aims to find. In this second module we'll make these abstract principles and concepts a little more concrete by discussing the empirical cycle and causality in more detail. We’ll see how, and in what order these concepts are implemented when we conduct a research study. We'll also consider the main criteria for evaluating the methodological quality of a research study: Validity and reliability. The focus will be on internal validity and how internal validity can be threatened.

In the previous module we discussed the empirical cycle, causality and the criteria for methodological quality, focusing on threats to internal validity. In this module we'll consider the most frequently used research designs and we'll see how they address threats to internal validity. We'll look at experimental, quasi-experimental and correlational designs, as well as some other designs you should be familiar with. To understand and appreciate these designs we will discuss some general concepts such as randomization and matching in a little more detail.

Choosing a design is only the first step in the deduction phase (remember the empirical cycle?). The second step is deciding on specific ways to measure the variables of interest and disinterest. This step is extremely important, because even if we are able to perform a true double-blind experiment, if our measurement and manipulation method are of poor quality, then internal validity will still be compromised! In this module we'll look at what measurement is exactly and what the criteria for evaluating measurement are. We will also look more in-depth at self-report measures, including survey, questionnaires and tests. These methods are among the most frequently used measurement instruments in the social and behavioral sciences.

In the previous two modules we discussed research designs and methods to measure and manipulate our variables of interest and disinterest. Before a researcher can move on to the testing phase and can actually collect data, there is just one more procedure that needs to be decided on: Sampling. Researchers need to determine who potential participants are and how they will be selected and recruited.

In this last content module we will focus on the part of the research process that follows data collection. The specifics of storing data and using statistics form a course topic in their own right (see the specialization courses on Basic and Inferential Statistics). For now we will focus on more general issues to do with data, interpretation and dissemination of results that relate to ethics and integrity. Some of the concepts that we discuss here will be familiar if you watched the interviews of the past modules. It might be interesting to (re-)watch these if you have the time!

In this module there's no new material to study. The only requirement in this module is that you finish up the final peer review assignment. We also advise you to take some extra time to review the material from the previous modules and to practice for the final exam. We've provided two practice exams that you can take as many times as you like. In the first one, feedback for each answer will be provided right after taking the test. We've also created some screencast videos that explain the right answers to the second practice exam in more detail.

This is the final module, where you can apply everything you've learned until now in the final exam. The final exam is structured exactly like the practice exam, so you know what to expect. Please note that you can only take the final exam once a month, so make sure you are fully prepared to take the test. Please follow the honor code and do not communicate or confer with others taking this exam. Good luck! Once you've taken the exam why not check out the bonus material - a series of presentations on research integrity in the social sciences, presented at a special symposium at the University of Amsterdam in 2014.