系统平台与计算环境

Xi'an Jiaotong University via Coursera

Go to Course: https://www.coursera.org/learn/jisuanji-wangluo

Introduction

# Course Review: 系统平台与计算环境 (System Platforms and Computing Environments) ## Overview The course "系统平台与计算环境" serves as the first part of the "大学计算机" (University Computer Science) series on Coursera. It lays a solid foundation for understanding computer systems, their architecture, and the basic principles behind them. Notably, it prepares learners for the forthcoming second part of the series, "算法与C语言编程基础" (Fundamentals of Algorithms and C Language Programming). In a world increasingly defined by technology, understanding the underpinnings of computing becomes essential. This course does just that; offering a gradual introduction to complex concepts in computer science. It is designed not only for those with prior knowledge in information technology but also for beginners looking to build a robust understanding from the ground up. ## Course Structure The course is divided into multiple key modules: 1. **Welcome to the Course**: This introductory segment outlines the objectives of the course and emphasizes the importance of understanding computer systems in our daily lives. 2. **Computational Models and Computer Structure**: Here, learners explore the basic structure of computer systems, including the roles of various components, memory organization, and the significance of Turing models. 3. **Information Representation and Encoding**: This module answers fundamental questions about how computers represent different types of data and the necessity of binary coding alongside character representation. 4. **Fundamentals of Modern Computer Architecture**: Focused on logic and hardware structures, this section teaches learners about logic gates, combinatorial circuits, and the foundational principles of the Von Neumann architecture. 5. **Basics of Operating Systems**: This part explains the purpose of operating systems, the concept of processes, and memory management, providing vital context for how devices manage resources. 6. **Computer Networking Technologies and Applications**: This module dives into networking, elucidating essential concepts like network architecture, protocols, IP addresses, and the interplay of different network components. 7. **Basic Office Skills**: Practical skills with essential software like Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, and Excel are covered, ensuring learners can navigate and utilize these tools effectively for various professional tasks. ## User Experience The course is structured to be accessible yet informative. Its modular design allows learners to interact with various components at their own pace, ensuring deep comprehension of each area. The use of engaging video lectures, quizzes, and practical exercises enhances the learning experience significantly. Furthermore, the practical applications of software tools provide invaluable skills that extend beyond theoretical knowledge into everyday use. ## Recommendations I wholeheartedly recommend "系统平台与计算环境" for anyone keen to understand the fundamentals of computer science. This course is especially beneficial for students considering a path in information technology or computer science, as well as professionals who wish to bolster their understanding of computing systems. The varied topics ensure that learners leave with a broad comprehension of essential concepts, preparing them for more advanced studies in programming and algorithms. Whether you're a complete novice or someone looking to reinforce your foundational knowledge, this course offers the guidance and insights necessary to navigate the complexities of modern computing effectively. Additionally, the anticipation of the upcoming second part of the series makes this an exciting time to enroll, as learners can look forward to expanding their skills in C programming and algorithm design right after completing this foundational course. Overall, "系统平台与计算环境" opens the door to understanding the digital world, equipping participants with the tools and knowledge to thrive in an increasingly tech-centric society.

Syllabus

欢迎

欢迎来到“大学计算机系列课程”的第一部分——系统平台与计算环境。这门课程的学习目标是了解计算机软硬件系统组成、信息表示方法、网络技术等计算机学科的基础知识和基本操作技能。希望通过了解计算机，建立和掌握利用计算机求解问题的基本思路和方法，能给你的学习，研究和生活带来无限的便利。

计算模型与计算机

通过这一个模块的学习，重点需要理解这几个重点内容：学习“大学计算机”课程的原因；计算机系统的概念结构。包括计算机系统的组成，主机系统中的主要部件。内存储器的组织结构和图灵模型的价值及它的工作过程。

信息表示与编码

本模块主要介绍了计算机中的信息表示和编码，希望你通过学习后能够回答这些问题：计算机为什么要采用二进制？计算机为什么还能够认识除数值以外的各种其他信息？字符在计算机中是如何表示的？既然计算机只认识二进制，为什么还要有其他计数制？计算机采用什么方法来表示数的符号？为什么要引入补码？模拟信号和数字信号的最主要的区别是什么？

现代计算机构造特征与基本原理

本模块从“逻辑”开始，重点介绍了从基本逻辑门到运算器的构造过程，以及冯•诺依曼结构。通过本模块的学习，你将能够进行简单的布尔代数运算，熟悉基本逻辑门，并能用基本逻辑门组合构造出常用的简单逻辑门电路。如：与非门、或非门、异或门、同或门等。并能了解触发器、半加器和全加器的基本工作原理。而且你将能够清楚冯•诺依曼计算机的基本工作过程，即程序是如何执行的。

操作系统基础

本模块介绍操作系统基础。学习完这一模块，希望你能理解为什么需要有操作系统，如果没有操作系统会怎样；什么是进程？为什么要有进程； 最后，你将能够理解计算机对存储器是如何管理的，为什么希望有更大的内存。

计算机网络技术及应用

本模块将为你介绍与计算机网络相关的知识。在今天的信息化社会中，网络和计算机陪伴着我们的每一天。网络涉及的知识非常多，本章仅从应用的角度介绍一些网络的基本知识。重点希望能帮助你理解什么是网络的体系结构和协议；网络中的信息是如何传输的；Internet的接入方法；什么是MAC地址？什么是IP地址？什么是域名？它们之间有什么关系？另外，还有子网、网关等；Internet应用层的一些主要协议。

OFFICE基本操作详解

本模块介绍OFFICE的操作技能。学习的主要目标是熟练应用WORD、PowerPoint和Excel这三大工具软件。如果你对这些内容已经很熟悉，可以忽略它。对多数学习者来讲，通常能够用WORD进行基本文字编辑，或还能用PowerPoint制作简单的幻灯片。但这些工具软件通常会具有比你所了解的更强大的功能；同时，Excel电子表格软件更是财经、管理等专业的必修基础。因此，还是认真的学习一下，掌握这些工具软件更多的功能。